{"id":1208,"date":"2021-12-08T00:03:26","date_gmt":"2021-12-07T23:03:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lms.nanoproject.eu\/lms\/?post_type=unit&p=1208"},"modified":"2021-12-08T00:03:26","modified_gmt":"2021-12-07T23:03:26","slug":"nanotechnology-in-textiles","status":"publish","type":"unit","link":"https:\/\/lms.nanoproject.eu\/lms\/unit\/nanotechnology-in-textiles\/","title":{"rendered":"Nanotechnology in textiles"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Silver in its pure form is quite inert. Silver ions (Ag+), on the other hand, are highly reactive and able to interrupt vital processes in bacterial cells, which ultimately kills them. This property is used in the textile industry, among others. In contrast to conventional antibiotics, the ions do not only attach themselves to a specific cell area, but simultaneously prevent various cell activities. This property makes it possible to fight even antibiotic-resistant bacteria with nanosilver. Besides bacteria, silver ions also render other microbes such as viruses and fungi harmless. Nanosilver is therefore not only antibacterial, but also antimicrobial.<\/p>\n

In addition, significantly lower concentrations of active ingredients are required than for (metal-)organic biocides. In addition to preventing the transmission and spread of pathogenic germs, this also prevents the development of sweat odour, because sweat itself is almost odourless.\u00a0 The typical odour is only produced by the metabolisation of components of sweat by bacteria that naturally colonise our skin. However, clothing containing nanosilver does not disturb the healthy bacterial flora of the skin.<\/p>\n

The effect of nanosilver has also been successfully used in textiles for some time. Applications for antimicrobial textiles include workwear (hospital & care, food processing), sportswear and underwear or technical textiles (ventilation systems, filtration, wiping cloths).<\/p>\n

There are different methods to combine the nanosilver particles with fibres. On the one hand, nanosilver can be mixed into a polymer (masterbatch) before it is spun into fibres. This method is used, for example, with polyester and cellulose acetate fibres, which results in a particularly firm integration in the fibre. The antibacterial effect thus lasts for a particularly long time. Alternatively, nanosilver can be applied as a surface coating to the fibre surface. The strength of the binding and thus the duration of the effect can vary greatly here.\u00a0 Weakly bound particles are detached after just a few washes and end up in the sewage treatment plant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
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Definition<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Antimicrobial<\/strong><\/p>\n

Antimicrobial substances (such as nanosilver) are chemical substances that reduce the infectivity and reproductive capacity of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi or kill them.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Nanocoatings can also make textiles more resistant to environmental influences. Water- and dirt-repellent nanomaterials are inspired by the lotus leaf and are often found in raincoats. They have a rough (in the micro- and nanometre range) as well as hydrophobic surface and contain nanometre-thin coatings of silanes or siloxanes. Temporary coatings can also be sprayed on, for example with an impregnation spray. This results in even non-functional materials becoming water-repellent and self-cleaning.<\/p>\n

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Excurse<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Silanes and siloxanes<\/strong><\/p>\n

Silanes and siloxanes are hydrophobic molecules made of silicon or silicon and oxygen, respectively, which have a water-repellent effect.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ultraviolet radiation in the form of UV-A and UV-B radiation is a component of natural sunlight. In addition to the often-desired tanning of the skin, however, the radiation can also lead to painful sunburns and even genetic damage. Since protection by sunscreen is often not sufficient, especially for outdoor athletes, people with particularly fair skin, small children or people who work on a construction site, it is important to be additionally protected from the harmful radiation by suitable clothing.<\/p>\n

As a rule of thumb, the more densely the textiles are woven, the higher the protective effect. In addition to the well-known nanoparticles titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, tungsten compounds such as tungsten oxide can also be considered as an alternative. This is because tungsten compounds can not only be used as a coating to shield X-rays or even space radiation, but are also suitable for absorbing UV radiation.<\/p>\n

Compared to titanium dioxide, the tungsten compounds used for these applications are considered harmless to human health.<\/p>\n

Materials for awnings or sunshades can generate higher UV protection by supporting nanoparticles. Fibres based on synthetic polymers can be protected from degradation reactions that are otherwise accelerated by UV irradiation by using nanocoatings. In this way, the material remains stable and functional for longer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
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Definition<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

UV light<\/strong><\/p>\n

Visible light lies in the wavelength range from 750 nm (red) to 380 nm (violet). Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which covers the wavelength range from 100 nm to 380 nm, is the most energetic part of sunlight. It is not visible to humans and cannot be perceived by other sensory organs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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